Major Egyptian Gods
Amon(Zeus/Jupiter)
Also called Amun, Ra or Re (the Sun), or Amun-Ra
or Amen-Ra (the Great Sun), or Khepri. The king of the gods during the
Theban dynasties, and the god of fertility. He was part of the Theban Triad,
along with Mut and Khonsu. Usually associated with the wind, or things
hidden.
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Anubis(Hermes)
Messenger of the Gods. God of the dead, wisdom, intelligence,
death, embalming, endings, truth, justice, surgery, hospital stays, finding
lost things, anesthetics, medicine, journeys, protection, boats, diplomacy,
astral travel, cemetaries.
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Apis
It means "sacred bull". Depicted as a bull with a
solar disk between its horns, Apis was another form of Ptah.
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Aten (Aton)
The Pharaoh Akhenaton decreed him to be the one and
only god in his attempt to establish a monotheistic religion.
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Bast or Bastet(Artemis/Diana)
Bastet (originally a lion goddess symbolizing the
fertilizing force of the sun's rays), became the cat goddess, the patroness
of the domestic cat and the home. She is often seen in human form with
the head of a cat and holding the sacred rattle known as the sistrim. Bastet
is also associated with the eye of Ra, the sun god, and acts as an instrument
of his vengeance. She ruled over pleasure, dancing, music, and joy.
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Geb and Nut
They were the children of Shu and Tefnut. Geb was
the god of earth. Nut was the sky goddess.
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Hathor(Aphrodite)
The goddess of joy and love, she was a protector
of women. Also worshipped as a sky goddess, Hathor is depicted wearing
a sun disk held between the horns of a cow as a crown. Hathor was the patroness
of all women, artists, music, dance, and happiness. She is often traditionally
present in all ancient Egyptian tombs to ensure safe passage into the after
world.
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Horus(Apollo)
The falcon-eyed son of Osiris and Isis, who was conceived
miraculously by Isis and the dead Osiris. He swore to avenge his father's
murder.
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Isis(Demeter/Hera/Selene)
Sometimes Isitis, which means Earth or corn-bearing
Land. She is the "mother of all creation". A daughter of Geb and Nut, she
was the faithful wife of her brother Osiris. She became universally worshipped,
is associated with love, motherhood, marital devotion, healing, eternal
life, and the casting of magical spells and charms. Isis is the goddess
of day, while her twin sister, Nephthys, is the goddess of night. Her sacred
symbol is an amulet called the tyet. She is the mother of Horus.
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Khnum
Ram god who makes the Nile delta fertile and suitable
for agriculture. Creator of humans.
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Khons
Son of Amun-Ra and his wife Athor. Usually pictured
with the new moon atop his head.
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Ma'at
Ma'at is the Egyptian goddess of truth, justice and
the underworld. She passed judgement over the souls of the dead in the
Judgement Hall of Osiris. The "Law of Ma'at" was the basis of civil laws
in ancient Egypt.
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Neith(Athena)
Means the Heavens. She is goddess of the Sky.
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Nephthys(Aphrodite/Nike)
The twin sister of Isis, Nephthys is the goddess
of night and the protectoress of the dead. She is also Set's sister and
wife, although, through her subterfuge, she bore a child (the jackal-headed
Anubis) by Osiris.
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Nut(Rhea)
Sky Goddess. Mother of the Gods. Great Mother. One
of the Ennead. Goddess and personification of the sky, clouds, stars and
of the heavens. Goddess of reincarnation, weather.
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Osiris(Dionysus/Hades)
He was the first child of Geb and Nut. He was the
judge of the dead in the underworld. Osiris was killed by his jealous brother
Set.
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Ptah(Hephaestus)
Also spelled as Pthah. He was the god of fire and
the creator. His figure is bandaged like a mummy, and his head is shaven
like a priest.
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Sekhmet
A sun-goddess, Sekhmet is also the lion goddess and
her worship was centered in Memphis. Her name means 'powerful'; she was
portrayed as either a lion or a woman with the head of a lion, often holding
an ankh or sistrum. When Ra grew angry at the whinings and complaints of
humankind, he ripped out one of his eyes and hurled it at the earth; this
eye changed in flight to an avenging goddess, Sekhmet, who ravaged the
earth, sucking blood from the peoples, and almost totally wiping out humankind
before a remoseful Ra could stop her.
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Seth (Set)(Typhon)
The son of Geb and Nut. This powerful god was regarded
as god of the desert. He was Osiris' evil brother and was considered the
incarnation of wickedness. He tricked Osiris at a feast in Osiris' honor,
and killed him, and took his place on the throne. In some myths he is called
Typhon, and is associated with the "abominable" animals: the pig, donkey,
and the hippopotamus. He was depicted as a strange being with a stiff,
forked tail, a long gaunt body, a tapering snout, huge erect ears and protruding
eyes.
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Thoth(Hermes)
The god of learning, he was the lunar god usually
depicted with the head of an ibis, though he was worshipped as a baboon
in Hermopolis. He acted as secretary to the gods, and was the master over
writing, languages, laws, annals, and calculations.
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